Journal-bearing.



No. 65!,563. Patented June 12, i900.

F. n. CABGILL. 4

, JOURNAL BEARING.

l ll

NITED ST TES AT NT JOURNAL- srncrmoarron forming part of Letters Application filed January 23, 1899.

1'0 all whom, it Hwy concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK R. CARGILL,'a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in J ournal-Bearings, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invent-ion is the production of a journal-bearing wherein the initial embedment-pressure is given to the bearing before its application to the journal and the fiber of the metal thus condensed and solidified, wherein also the bearing surface is smoothed without being cut away or inany way deprived of its skin or surface,and wherein any warping or misshape of the bearing is corrected.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan View of an apparatus employed in the production of my improved journal-bearing. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section through said apparatus. Fig. 3 is a detail view of a yielding side bar and its connections. Fig. 4 is an end elevation of a lined brass for railway journal-bearings. Fig. 5 is a like view of a filled brass shell, and Fig. 6 a similar view of a solid brass forjournal-bearings.

Like letters of reference. indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

This invention applies to any journal-bearing, but is here particularly shown in its application to the journal-bearings of railwaycars. As is well known, the portion of the journal-bearing of railway-cars, either steam or tram cars, which bears the weight of the car and its load upon the journal is a removable and renewable semitubular piece of metal,.and on account of its having almost universally been made of brass is called a brass. Brasses as heretofore made were cast in sand molds and bored or ground out to the proper size. Some were faced on their bearing-surface with a sheet of antifriction metal and in others a shell of brass was filled with an antifriction alloy; but the two latter styles have never proved satisfactory, from the fact that the soft antifriction metal when subjected to the enormous and constantlyincreasing weight of modern cars and their loads squashes out, for which reason the solid brass has been for many years the only practical ournal-bearing for railway-cars.

BEARING.

Patent No. 651,563, dated June 12, 1900.

Serial No. 703,087. (No model.)

As stated above, these brasses have been prepared for use by boring them out in a lathe or boring-mill, which method is expensive and not particularly well adapted to'the production of a perfect form in the brass, or by grinding them out on an emery-roll, which is far more objectionable than. the boring, inasmuch as it is less accurate and grains of the emery are liable to become embedded in the bearing-surface and cause cutting and much friction in the journal when the brass is put into use. In addition to these objections, one common to both ways of preparing-the brasses is that the tough outer skin of the metal is cut away, leaving the heart or interior thereof exposed to the first wear of the journal. The outer skin of the metal is much more enduring and provides a fine bearing,- snrface when it can be smoothed properly for use.

The initial embedment-pressure on journalbearings in practice 'is'the pressure exerted upon the bearing by the weight of the car and its load, and it has been found that until brasses or any journal bearings have received this initial pressure and have been conformed thereby to the journal much more friction results than after the journal-bearings have been so conformed by'wear'or pressure. In the application of my invention I apply the'initial embedment-pressure to the journal-bearing before it is placed upon the journal, the amount of pressure so applied being limited only by the endurance of the metal composing the brass, and any degree of pressure which shall be found to best fit the brass for service may be given to it. I have found that about twice the pressure which it would sustain under the heaviest load likely to be imposed upon the bearing is suffieient as an initial embedment-pressure. This ini tial embedment-pressure also condenses the fiber of the metal composing the journal-bearing, and thereby makes a tougher and more lasting bearing-surface. 3

In the production of my improved brass I employ a hydraulic or other press apparatus which I will now describe, and wherein A is the bed of the press, and A the pressure-piston thereof. A bed-block A is rigidly secured to the bed near the end opposite to the piston A. In the bed-block is provided aremovable form-seat A for adapting the press to the different exterior forms of brasses and other bearings. A track B has been placed lengthwise of the bed A and is rigidly secured to said bed, and on this track a carriage B is slid by the movement of the pressurepiston A. The carriage B is in the form of a vertical yoke, and between the arms B and B thereof and free to turn in its bearings therein I have mounted a hollow mandrel 13 the outer diameter and conformation of which mandrel are identical with the diameter and conformation of that portion of a car-journal with which the finished brass is intended to be in contact. Gear-teeth B are formed in a circle near the outer periphery of the upper end of the mandrel B and central openings B and B at the upper and lower-ends, respectively, of the said mandrel B provide for the ingress and egress of water to cool the mandrel. A pinion O meshes with the gear-teeth B at the upper end of the mandrel B and the drive-shaft C supports and imparts motion to said pinion (1.

As it is contemplated that the shells of brasses may he filled with their antifriction alloy filling while being held in position on the press and that the facing of antifriction metal be there applied to brasses intended for such facing, it is necessary that. the joints between the brass-shells and the mandrel be made tight, and to provide for this the two vertical bars 0 have been supplied. These bars are spring-sustained on the coil-springs C and C the former holding the bars 0 toward the mandrel B and the latter toward the form-seat A WVhen the piston A is caused to move forward, the vertical bars C held at all times in cry of the mandrel B meetand touch the edges of the form-seat A before the mandrel reaches its final position.

The brass D (illustrated in Fig. faced with antifriction metal. This facing D is given the brass in a separate mold or inthe press illustrated and described,in which latter case the mandrel B is moved to a position adjacent to the face of the brass body portion D and the antifriction metal poured into the interstice between the mandrel and the said body D the vertical bars 0 preventing the metal from escaping at the sides. When the an tifriction metal facing D is set within the body D the pressure of the apparatus exerted through the mandrel B is brought to bear upon the bearing-surface of the brass D. This pressure is so great that the metals, both the antifriction metal facing and the brass of the body D of the casting, are condensed and their component atoms forced into closer proximity, thus giving to the brass the initial embedmcnt-pressure. In the form of brass illustrated in Fig. 4 D is theprojecting flange at the forward end of the said brass.

The brass E (illustrated in Fig. 5) is a shell brass or a brass cast with a recess within the body E, which recess is intended to be filled the preceding paragraph.

contact with the periph- 4) is one with an antifriction metal E either in a mold distinct and apart from that of the press apparatus or within the press and against the mandrel B In either case, however, the initial embedment-pressure is to be given the metal by means of the press, as indicated in E is the projecting flange at the forward end of the brass. This flange is common to all forms of brasses.

In Fig. 6 is illustrated a solid brass F. Here F is the body, and F is the flange at the forward end of the brass. This form of brass is prepared by casting either in sand or metal molds separate from the press or in the mold formed in the press by the removable form-seat A and the mandrel B The initial embedmentpressure is given to the solid brass as to those faced or filled with anti- When the brass F (shown in the same friction metal.

Fig. 6) is cast in a sand mold, the casting must be thoroughly cleaned before the brass is placed in the press. Brasses prepared by boring or grinding may also receive their initial embedment-pressure and be shaped accurately in the press apparatus described.

I have provided the gearing B and O in order to rotate the mandrel B and planish the bearing-surface of the brass, either the solid brass or the antifriction-metal variety, this rotation being imparted to the mandrel by the rotation of the drive-shaft C after a portion of the initial embedment-pressure has been withdrawn. The surface thus obtained is equal to that of a hearing which has had sufficient wear to run with the least possible friction.

My invention con templates the preparation of all kinds of machinery hearings in: the manner hereinbefore described and is not limited to the journal-bearings of railway-cars alone.

I claim as my invention- 7 1. As a new article of manufacture, a journal-bearing the molecular structure of the bearing-surface of which is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said hearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said bearing-surface greater than the weight of the load upon said hearing when in actual use.

2. As a new article of manufacture, ajour nal-bearing, the molecular structure of the bearing-surface and body of which is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said hearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said bearing-surface greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual use.

As a new article of manufacture, a jour ual-bearing, the molecular structure of the bearing-surface of which is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said bearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said bearing-surface greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual 'use,and the bearing-surface of which finished bearing is composed of the smooth outer skin of the metal.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a jourrial-bearing having a body portion and a metallic facing for the bearin g-surface,the molecular structure of which facing is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said hearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said facing greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual use.

5. As a new article of manufacture, a journal-bearing having a body portion and a metallic facing for the bearing-s11 rface,the molecular structure of which facing is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said bearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said facing greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual use, the bearing-surface of which finished bearing is composed of the outer skin of the metal.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a journal-bearing having a recessed body portion and a metallic filling therefor, the molecular structure of which filling is made dense by a means independent of the pressure of the load upon said bearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said filling greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual use.

7. As a new article of manufacture, a journal-bearing having a recessed body portion and a metallic filling therefor, the molecular structure of which filling is made dense by a means independent'of the pressure of the load upon said hearing when the same is in actual use, which means exerts a pressure upon said filling greater than the weight of the load upon said bearing when in actual use, the bearing-surface of which filling is composed of the smooth outer skin of the metal.

8. Asa new article of manufacture, a journal-bearing having its bearing-surface made to conform to the journal for which it is intended by pressure exerted upon said bearing-surface through a mandrel identical in conformation with said journal. v

FRANK R. OARGILL.

Witnesses:

GEO. E. ONEIL, RHEA P. CARY. 

